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╘╚┼ ╒╬┴┬╧═┬┼╥'╙ ═┴╬╔╞┼╙╘╧ --
"╔NDUSTRIAL ╙OCIETY & ╔TS ╞UTURE".

[╨ART ╞OUR OF ╙EVEN,
╨ARAGRAPHS 127-161]

127. ┴ TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE THAT APPEARS NOT TO THREATEN FREEDOM OFTEN
TURNS OUT TO THREATEN IT VERY SERIOUSLY LATER ON. ╞OR EXAMPLE, CONSIDER
MOTORIZED TRANSPORT. ┴ WALKING MAN FORMERLY COULD GO WHERE HE PLEASED,
GO AT HIS OWN PACE WITHOUT OBSERVING ANY TRAFFIC REGULATIONS, AND WAS
INDEPENDENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT-SYSTEMS. ╫HEN MOTOR VEHICLES WERE
INTRODUCED THEY APPEARED TO INCREASE MAN'S FREEDOM. ╘HEY TOOK NO FREEDOM
AWAY FROM THE WALKING MAN, NO ONE HAD TO HAVE AN AUTOMOBILE IF HE DIDN'T
WANT ONE, AND ANYONE WHO DID CHOOSE TO BUY AN AUTOMOBILE COULD TRAVEL
MUCH FASTER THAN THE WALKING MAN. ┬UT THE INTRODUCTION OF MOTORIZED
TRANSPORT SOON CHANGED SOCIETY IN SUCH A WAY AS TO RESTRICT FREEDOM
GREATLY.

128. ╫HILE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ┴╙ ┴ ╫╚╧╠┼ CONTINUALLY NARROWS OUR
SPHERE OF FREEDOM, EACH NEW TECHNICAL ADVANCE ├╧╬╙╔─┼╥┼─ ┬┘ ╔╘╙┼╠╞
APPEARS TO BE DESIRABLE. ┼LECTRICITY, INDOOR PLUMBING, RAPID
LONG-DISTANCE COMMUNICATIONS... HOW COULD ONE ARGUE AGAINST ANY OF
THESE THINGS, OR AGAINST ANY OTHER OF THE INNUMERABLE TECHNICAL
ADVANCES THAT HAVE MADE MODERN SOCIETY? ╔T WOULD HAVE BEEN ABSURD TO
RESIST THE INTRODUCTION OF THE TELEPHONE, FOR EXAMPLE. ╔T OFFERED
MANY ADVANTAGES AND NO DISADVANTAGES. ┘ET AS WE EXPLAINED IN PARAGRAPHS
059-076, ALL THESE TECHNICAL ADVANCES TAKEN TOGETHER HAVE CREATED A WORLD
IN WHICH THE AVERAGE MAN'S FATE IS NO LONGER IN HIS OWN HANDS OR IN THE
HANDS OF HIS NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS, BUT IN THOSE OF POLITICIANS,
CORPORATE EXECUTIVES AND REMOTE, ANONYMOUS TECHNICIANS AND BUREAUCRATS
WHOM HE AS AN INDIVIDUAL HAS NO POWER TO INFLUENCE. [21] ╘HE SAME
PROCESS WILL CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE. ╘AKE GENETIC ENGINEERING, FOR
EXAMPLE. ╞EW PEOPLE WILL RESIST THE INTRODUCTION OF A GENETIC TECHNIQUE
THAT ELIMINATES A HEREDITARY DISEASE. ╔T DOES NO APPARENT HARM AND
PREVENTS MUCH SUFFERING. ┘ET A LARGE NUMBER OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS
TAKEN TOGETHER WILL MAKE THE HUMAN BEING INTO AN ENGINEERED PRODUCT
RATHER THAN A FREE CREATION OF CHANCE (OR OF ╟OD, OR WHATEVER,
DEPENDING ON YOUR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS).

129. ┴NOTHER REASON WHY TECHNOLOGY IS SUCH A POWERFUL SOCIAL FORCE IS
THAT, WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A GIVEN SOCIETY, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
MARCHES IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION; IT CAN NEVER BE REVERSED. ╧NCE A
TECHNICAL INNOVATION HAS BEEN INTRODUCED, PEOPLE USUALLY BECOME
DEPENDENT ON IT, UNLESS IT IS REPLACED BY SOME STILL MORE ADVANCED
INNOVATION. ╬OT ONLY DO PEOPLE BECOME DEPENDENT AS INDIVIDUALS ON A
NEW ITEM OF TECHNOLOGY, BUT, EVEN MORE, THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE BECOMES
DEPENDENT ON IT. (╔MAGINE WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THE SYSTEM TODAY IF
COMPUTERS, FOR EXAMPLE, WERE ELIMINATED.) ╘HUS THE SYSTEM CAN MOVE IN
ONLY ONE DIRECTION, TOWARD GREATER TECHNOLOGIZATION. ╘ECHNOLOGY
REPEATEDLY FORCES FREEDOM TO TAKE A STEP BACK -- SHORT OF THE
OVERTHROW OF THE WHOLE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM.

130. ╘ECHNOLOGY ADVANCES WITH GREAT RAPIDITY AND THREATENS FREEDOM
AT MANY DIFFERENT POINTS AT THE SAME TIME (CROWDING, RULES AND
REGULATIONS, INCREASING DEPENDENCE OF INDIVIDUALS ON LARGE
ORGANIZATIONS, PROPAGANDA AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES,
GENETIC ENGINEERING, INVASION OF PRIVACY THROUGH SURVEILLANCE DEVICES
AND COMPUTERS, ETC.) ╘O HOLD BACK ANY ╧╬┼ OF THE THREATS TO FREEDOM
WOULD REQUIRE A LONG DIFFICULT SOCIAL STRUGGLE. ╘HOSE WHO WANT TO
PROTECT FREEDOM ARE OVERWHELMED BY THE SHEER NUMBER OF NEW ATTACKS
AND THE RAPIDITY WITH WHICH THEY DEVELOP, HENCE THEY BECOME APATHETIC
AND NO LONGER RESIST. ╘O FIGHT EACH OF THE THREATS SEPARATELY WOULD
BE FUTILE. ╙UCCESS CAN BE HOPED FOR ONLY BY FIGHTING THE TECHNOLOGICAL
SYSTEM AS A WHOLE; BUT THAT IS REVOLUTION NOT REFORM.

131. ╘ECHNICIANS (WE USE THIS TERM IN ITS BROAD SENSE TO DESCRIBE ALL
THOSE WHO PERFORM A SPECIALIZED TASK THAT REQUIRES TRAINING) TEND TO
BE SO INVOLVED IN THEIR WORK (THEIR SURROGATE ACTIVITY) THAT WHEN A
CONFLICT ARISES BETWEEN THEIR TECHNICAL WORK AND FREEDOM, THEY
ALMOST ALWAYS DECIDE IN FAVOR OF THEIR TECHNICAL WORK. ╘HIS IS
OBVIOUS IN THE CASE OF SCIENTISTS, BUT IT ALSO APPEARS ELSEWHERE:
┼DUCATORS, HUMANITARIAN GROUPS AND CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS DO NOT
HESITATE TO USE PROPAGANDA OR OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES TO HELP
THEM ACHIEVE THEIR LAUDABLE ENDS. ├ORPORATIONS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
WHEN THEY FIND IT USEFUL, DO NOT HESITATE TO COLLECT INFORMATION ABOUT
INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT REGARD TO THEIR PRIVACY. ╠AW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
ARE FREQUENTLY INCONVENIENCED BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF SUSPECTS
AND OFTEN OF COMPLETELY INNOCENT PERSONS, AND THEY DO WHATEVER THEY
CAN DO LEGALLY (OR SOMETIMES ILLEGALLY) TO RESTRICT OR CIRCUMVENT
THOSE RIGHTS. ═OST OF THESE EDUCATORS, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND LAW
OFFICERS BELIEVE IN FREEDOM, PRIVACY AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, BUT
WHEN THESE CONFLICT WITH THEIR WORK, THEY USUALLY FEEL THAT THEIR
WORK IS MORE IMPORTANT.

132. ╔T IS WELL KNOWN THAT PEOPLE GENERALLY WORK BETTER AND MORE
PERSISTENTLY WHEN STRIVING FOR A REWARD THAN WHEN ATTEMPTING TO AVOID
A PUNISHMENT OR NEGATIVE OUTCOME. ╙CIENTISTS AND OTHER TECHNICIANS
ARE MOTIVATED MAINLY BY THE REWARDS THEY GET THROUGH THEIR WORK. ┬UT
THOSE WHO OPPOSE TECHNILOGICCAL INVASIONS OF FREEDOM ARE WORKING TO
AVOID A NEGATIVE OUTCOME, CONSEQUENTLY THERE ARE A FEW WHO WORK
PERSISTENTLY AND WELL AT THIS DISCOURAGING TASK. ╔F REFORMERS EVER
ACHIEVED A SIGNAL VICTORY THAT SEEMED TO SET UP A SOLID BARRIER
AGAINST FURTHER EROSION OF FREEDOM THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS,
MOST WOULD TEND TO RELAX AND TURN THEIR ATTENTION TO MORE AGREEABLE
PURSUITS. ┬UT THE SCIENTISTS WOULD REMAIN BUSY IN THEIR LABORATORIES,
AND TECHNOLOGY AS IT PROGRESSES WOULD FIND WAYS, IN SPITE OF ANY
BARRIERS, TO EXERT MORE AND MORE CONTROL OVER INDIVIDUALS AND MAKE
THEM ALWAYS MORE DEPENDENT ON THE SYSTEM.

133. ╬O SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS, WHETHER LAWS, INSTITUTIONS, CUSTOMS OR
ETHICAL CODES, CAN PROVIDE PERMANENT PROTECTION AGAINST TECHNOLOGY.
╚ISTORY SHOWS THAT ALL SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS ARE TRANSITORY; THEY ALL
CHANGE OR BREAK DOWN EVENTUALLY. ┬UT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES ARE
PERMANENT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A GIVEN CIVILIZATION. ╙UPPOSE FOR
EXAMPLE THAT IT WERE POSSIBLE TO ARRIVE AT SOME SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
THAT WOULD PREVENT GENETIC ENGINEERING FROM BEING APPLIED TO HUMAN
BEINGS, OR PREVENT IT FROM BEING APPLIED IN SUCH A WAYS AS TO THREATEN
FREEDOM AND DIGNITY. ╙TILL, THE TECHNOLOGY WOULD REMAIN WAITING.
╙OONER OR LATER THE SOCIAL ARRANGEMENT WOULD BREAK DOWN. ╨ROBABLY
SOONER, GIVEN THAT PACE OF CHANGE IN OUR SOCIETY. ╘HEN GENETIC
ENGINEERING WOULD BEGIN TO INVADE OUR SPHERE OF FREEDOM, AND THIS
INVASION WOULD BE IRREVERSIBLE (SHORT OF A BREAKDOWN OF TECHNOLOGICAL
CIVILIZATION ITSELF). ┴NY ILLUSIONS ABOUT ACHIEVING ANYTHING PERMANENT
THROUGH SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS SHOULD BE DISPELLED BY WHAT IS CURRENTLY
HAPPENING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. ┴ FEW YEARS AGO IT SEEMED
THAT THERE WERE SECURE LEGAL BARRIERS PREVENTING AT LEAST ╙╧═┼ OF
THE WORST FORMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. ┴ CHANGE IN THE
POLITICAL WIND, AND THOSE BARRIERS BEGIN TO CRUMBLE.

134. ╞OR ALL OF THE FOREGOING REASONS, TECHNOLOGY IS A MORE POWERFUL
SOCIAL FORCE THAN THE ASPIRATION FOR FREEDOM. ┬UT THIS STATEMENT
REQUIRES AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION. ╔T APPEARS THAT DURING THE NEXT
SEVERAL DECADES THE INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM WILL BE UNDERGOING
SEVERE STRESSES DUE TO ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AND
ESPECIALLY DUE TO PROBLEMS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR (ALIENATION, REBELLION,
HOSTILITY, A VARIETY OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES). ╫E
HOPE THAT THE STRESSES THROUGH WHICH THE SYSTEM IS LIKELY TO PASS WILL
CAUSE IT TO BREAK DOWN, OR AT LEAST WEAKEN IT SUFFICIENTLY SO THAT A
REVOLUTION OCCURS AND IS SUCCESSFUL; THEN AT THAT PARTICULAR MOMENT THE
ASPIRATION FOR FREEDOM WILL HAVE PROVED MORE POWERFUL THAN TECHNOLOGY.

135. ╔N PARAGRAPH 125 WE USED AN ANALOGY OF A WEAK NEIGHBOR WHO IS LEFT
DESTITUTE BY A STRONG NEIGHBOR WHO TAKES ALL HIS LAND BY FORCING ON
HIM A SERIES OF COMPROMISES. ┬UT SUPPOSE NOW THAT THE STRONG NEIGHBOR
GETS SICK, SO THAT HE IS UNABLE TO DEFEND HIMSELF. ╘HE WEAK NEIGHBOR
CAN FORCE THE STRONG ONE TO GIVE HIM HIS LAND BACK, OR HE CAN KILL HIM.
╔F HE LETS THE STRONG MAN SURVIVE AND ONLY FORCES HIM TO GIVE HIS LAND
BACK, HE IS A FOOL, BECAUSE WHEN THE STRONG MAN GETS WELL HE WILL AGAIN
TAKE ALL THE LAND FOR HIMSELF. ╘HE ONLY SENSIBLE ALTERNATIVE FOR THE
WEAKER MAN IS TO KILL THE STRONG ONE WHILE HE HAS THE CHANCE. ╔N THE
SAME WAY, WHILE THE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM IS SICK WE MUST DESTROY IT. ╔F
WE COMPROMISE WITH IT AND LET IT RECOVER FROM ITS SICKNESS, IT WILL
EVENTUALLY WIPE OUT ALL OF OUR FREEDOM.


╙ECTION 18: ╙╔═╨╠┼╥ ╙╧├╔┴╠ ╨╥╧┬╠┼═╙ ╚┴╓┼ ╨╥╧╓┼─ ╔╬╘╥┴├╘┴┬╠┼

136. ╔F ANYONE STILL IMAGINES THAT IT WOULD BE POSSIBLE TO REFORM THE
SYSTEM IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PROTECT FREEDOM FROM TECHNOLOGY, LET HIM
CONSIDER HOW CLUMSILY AND FOR THE MOST PART UNSUCCESSFULLY OUR SOCIETY
HAS DEALT WITH OTHER SOCIAL PROBLEMS THAT ARE FAR MORE SIMPLE AND
STRAIGHTFORWARD. ┴MONG OTHER THINGS, THE SYSTEM HAS FAILED TO STOP
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, POLITICAL CORRUPTION, DRUG TRAFFICKING OR
DOMESTIC ABUSE.

137. ╘AKE OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, FOR EXAMPLE. ╚ERE THE CONFLICT
OF VALUES IS STRAIGHTFORWARD: ECONOMIC EXPEDIENCE NOW VERSUS SAVING
SOME OF OUR NATURAL RESOURCES FOR OUR GRANDCHILDREN. [22] ┬UT ON THIS
SUBJECT WE GET ONLY A LOT OF BLATHER AND OBFUSCATION FROM THE PEOPLE
WHO HAVE POWER, AND NOTHING LIKE A CLEAR, CONSISTENT LINE OF ACTION,
AND WE KEEP ON PILING UP ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS THAT OUR GRANDCHILDREN
WILL HAVE TO LIVE WITH. ┴TTEMPTS TO RESOLVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
CONSIST OF STRUGGLES AND COMPROMISES BETWEEN DIFFERENT FACTIONS, SOME
OF WHICH ARE ASCENDANT AT ONE MOMENT, OTHERS AT ANOTHER MOMENT. ╘HE
LINE OF STRUGGLE CHANGES WITH THE SHIFTING CURRENTS OF PUBLIC OPINION.
╘HIS IS NOT A RATIONAL PROCESS, NOR IS IT ONE THAT IS LIKELY TO LEAD
TO A TIMELY AND SUCCESSFUL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM. ═AJOR SOCIAL
PROBLEMS, IF THEY GET "SOLVED" AT ALL, ARE RARELY OR NEVER SOLVED
THROUGH ANY RATIONAL, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN. ╘HEY JUST WORK THEMSELVES
OUT THROUGH A PROCESS IN WHICH VARIOUS COMPETING GROUPS PURSING THEIR
OWN (USUALLY SHORT-TERM) SELF-INTEREST [23] ARRIVE (MAINLY BY LUCK)
AT SOME MORE OR LESS STABLE MODUS VIVENDI. ╔N FACT, THE PRINCIPLES WE
FORMULATED IN PARAGRAPHS 100-106 MAKE IT SEEM DOUBTFUL THAT RATIONAL,
LONG-TERM SOCIAL PLANNING CAN ┼╓┼╥ BE SUCCESSFUL.

138. ╘HUS IT IS CLEAR THAT THE HUMAN RACE HAS AT BEST A VERY LIMITED
CAPACITY FOR SOLVING EVEN RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
╚OW THEN IS IT GOING TO SOLVE THE FAR MORE DIFFICULT AND SUBTLE PROBLEM
OF RECONCILING FREEDOM WITH TECHNOLOGY? ╘ECHNOLOGY PRESENTS CLEAR-CUT
MATERIAL ADVANTAGES, WHEREAS FREEDOM IS AN ABSTRACTION THAT MEANS
DIFFERENT THINGS TO DIFFERENT PEOPLE, AND ITS LOSS IS EASILY OBSCURED
BY PROPAGANDA AND FANCY TALK.

139. ┴ND NOTE THIS IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE: ╔T IS CONCEIVABLE THAT OUR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS (FOR EXAMPLE) MAY SOME DAY BE SETTLED THROUGH
A RATIONAL, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN, BUT IF THIS HAPPENS IT WILL BE ONLY
BECAUSE IT IS IN THE LONG-TERM INTEREST OF THE SYSTEM TO SOLVE THESE
PROBLEMS. ┬UT IT IS ╬╧╘ IN THE INTEREST OF THE SYSTEM TO PRESERVE
FREEDOM OR SMALL-GROUP AUTONOMY. ╧N THE CONTRARY, IT IS IN THE
INTEREST OF THE SYSTEM TO BRING HUMAN BEHAVIOR UNDER CONTROL TO THE
GREATEST POSSIBLE EXTENT. [24] ╘HUS, WHILE PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
MAY EVENTUALLY FORCE THE SYSTEM TO TAKE A RATIONAL, PRUDENT APPROACH
TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, EQUALLY PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS WILL
FORCE THE SYSTEM TO REGULATE HUMAN BEHAVIOR EVER MORE CLOSELY
(PREFERABLY BY INDIRECT MEANS THAT WILL DISGUISE THE ENCROACHMENT ON
FREEDOM.) ╘HIS ISN'T JUST OUR OPINION. ┼MINENT SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
(E.G. ╩AMES ╤. ╫ILSON) HAVE STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF "SOCIALIZING"
PEOPLE MORE EFFECTIVELY.


╙ECTION 19: ╥┼╓╧╠╒╘╔╧╬ ╔╙ ┼┴╙╔┼╥ ╘╚┴╬ ╥┼╞╧╥═

140. ╫E HOPE WE HAVE CONVINCED THE READER THAT THE SYSTEM CANNOT BE
REFORMED IN A SUCH A WAY AS TO RECONCILE FREEDOM WITH TECHNOLOGY. ╘HE
ONLY WAY OUT IS TO DISPENSE WITH THE INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM
ALTOGETHER. ╘HIS IMPLIES REVOLUTION, NOT NECESSARILY AN ARMED
UPRISING, BUT CERTAINLY A RADICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN THE
NATURE OF SOCIETY.

141. ╨EOPLE TEND TO ASSUME THAT BECAUSE A REVOLUTION INVOLVES A MUCH
GREATER CHANGE THAN REFORM DOES, IT IS MORE DIFFICULT TO BRING ABOUT
THAN REFORM IS. ┴CTUALLY, UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES REVOLUTION IS
MUCH EASIER THAN REFORM. ╘HE REASON IS THAT A REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT
CAN INSPIRE AN INTENSITY OF COMMITMENT THAT A REFORM MOVEMENT CANNOT
INSPIRE. ┴ REFORM MOVEMENT MERELY OFFERS TO SOLVE A PARTICULAR SOCIAL
PROBLEM. ┴ REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OFFERS TO SOLVE ALL PROBLEMS AT ONE
STROKE AND CREATE A WHOLE NEW WORLD; IT PROVIDES THE KIND OF IDEAL FOR
WHICH PEOPLE WILL TAKE GREAT RISKS AND MAKE GREAT SACRIFICES. ╞OR THIS
REASON IT WOULD BE MUCH EASIER TO OVERTHROW THE WHOLE TECHNOLOGICAL
SYSTEM THAN TO PUT EFFECTIVE, PERMANENT RESTRAINTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT
OF APPLICATION OF ANY ONE SEGMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS GENETIC
ENGINEERING, BUT UNDER SUITABLE CONDITIONS LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE MAY
DEVOTE THEMSELVES PASSIONATELY TO A REVOLUTION AGAINST THE
INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM. ┴S WE NOTED IN PARAGRAPH 132, REFORMERS
SEEKING TO LIMIT CERTAIN ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE WORKING TO
AVOID A NEGATIVE OUTCOME. ┬UT REVOLUTIONARIES WORK TO GAIN A POWERFUL
REWARD -- FULFILLMENT OF THEIR REVOLUTIONARY VISION -- AND THEREFORE
WORKHARDER AND MORE PERSISTENTLY THAN REFORMERS DO.

142. ╥EFORM IS ALWAYS RESTRAINED BY THE FEAR OF PAINFUL CONSEQUENCES
IF CHANGES GO TOO FAR. ┬UT ONCE A REVOLUTIONARY FEVER HAS TAKEN HOLD
OF A SOCIETY, PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO UNDERGO UNLIMITED HARDSHIPS FOR
THE SAKE OF THEIR REVOLUTION. ╘HIS WAS CLEARLY SHOWN IN THE ╞RENCH AND
╥USSIAN ╥EVOLUTIONS. ╔T MAY BE THAT IN SUCH CASES ONLY A MINORITY OF
THE POPULATION IS REALLY COMMITTED TO THE REVOLUTION, BUT THIS MINORITY
IS SUFFICIENTLY LARGE AND ACTIVE SO THAT IT BECOMES THE DOMINANT FORCE
IN SOCIETY. ╫E WILL HAVE MORE TO SAY ABOUT REVOLUTION IN PARAGRAPHS
180-205.


╙ECTION 20: ├╧╬╘╥╧╠ ╧╞ ╚╒═┴╬ ┬┼╚┴╓╔╧╥

143. ╙INCE THE BEGINNING OF CIVILIZATION, ORGANIZED SOCIETIES HAVE
HAD TO PUT PRESSURES ON HUMAN BEINGS OF THE SAKE OF THE FUNCTIONING
OF THE SOCIAL ORGANISM. ╘HE KINDS OF PRESSURES VARY GREATLY FROM ONE
SOCIETY TO ANOTHER. ╙OME OF THE PRESSURES ARE PHYSICAL (POOR DIET,
EXCESSIVE LABOR, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION), SOME ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL
(NOISE, CROWDING, FORCING HUMANS BEHAVIOR INTO THE MOLD THAT SOCIETY
REQUIRES). ╔N THE PAST, HUMAN NATURE HAS BEEN APPROXIMATELY CONSTANT,
OR AT ANY RATE HAS VARIED ONLY WITHIN CERTAIN BOUNDS. ├ONSEQUENTLY,
SOCIETIES HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PUSH PEOPLE ONLY UP TO CERTAIN LIMITS.
╫HEN THE LIMIT OF HUMAN ENDURANCE HAS BEEN PASSED, THINGS START GOING
WRONG: REBELLION, OR CRIME, OR CORRUPTION, OR EVASION OF WORK, OR
DEPRESSION AND OTHER MENTAL PROBLEMS, OR AN ELEVATED DEATH RATE, OR
A DECLINING BIRTH RATE OR SOMETHING ELSE, SO THAT EITHER THE SOCIETY
BREAKS DOWN, OR ITS FUNCTIONING BECOMES TOO INEFFICIENT AND IT IS
(QUICKLY OR GRADUALLY, THROUGH CONQUEST, ATTRITION OR REVOLUTION)
REPLACED BY SOME MORE EFFICIENT FORM OF SOCIETY. [25]

144. ╘HUS HUMAN NATURE HAS IN THE PAST PUT CERTAIN LIMITS ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES. ╨EOPLE COUD BE PUSHED ONLY SO FAR AND NO
FARTHER. ┬UT TODAY THIS MAY BE CHANGING, BECAUSE MODERN TECHNOLOGY
IS DEVELOPING WAY OF MODIFYING HUMAN BEINGS.

145. ╔MAGINE A SOCIETY THAT SUBJECTS PEOPLE TO CONDITIONS THAT MAKE
THEM TERRIBLY UNHAPPY, THEN GIVES THEM THE DRUGS TO TAKE AWAY THEIR
UNHAPPINESS. ╙CIENCE FICTION? ╔T IS ALREADY HAPPENING TO SOME EXTENT
IN OUR OWN SOCIETY. ╔T IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE RATE OF CLINICAL DEPRESSION
HAD BEEN GREATLY INCREASING IN RECENT DECADES. ╫E BELIEVE THAT THIS IS
DUE TO DISRUPTION FO THE POWER PROCESS, AS EXPLAINED IN PARAGRAPHS
059-076. ┬UT EVEN IF WE ARE WRONG, THE INCREASING RATE OF DEPRESSION IS
CERTAINLY THE RESULT OF ╙╧═┼ CONDITIONS THAT EXIST IN TODAY'S SOCIETY.
╔NSTEAD OF REMOVING THE CONDITIONS THAT MAKE PEOPLE DEPRESSED, MODERN
SOCIETY GIVES THEM ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS. ╔N EFFECT, ANTIDEPRESSANTS
AREA A MEANS OF MODIFYING AN INDIVIDUAL'S INTERNAL STATE IN SUCH A WAY
AS TO ENABLE HIM TO TOLERATE SOCIAL CONDITIONS THAT HE WOULD OTHERWISE
FIND INTOLERABLE. (┘ES, WE KNOW THAT DEPRESSION IS OFTEN OF A PURELY
GENETIC ORIGIN. ╫E ARE REFERRING HERE TO THOSE CASES IN WHICH
ENVIRONMENT PLAYS THE PREDOMINANT ROLE.)

146. ─RUGS THAT AFFECT THE MIND ARE ONLY ONE EXAMPLE OF THE METHODS OF
CONTROLLING HUMAN BEHAVIOR THAT MODERN SOCIETY IS DEVELOPING. ╠ET US
LOOK AT SOME OF THE OTHER METHODS.

147. ╘O START WITH, THERE ARE THE TECHNIQUES OF SURVEILLANCE. ╚IDDEN
VIDEO CAMERAS ARE NOW USED IN MOST STORES AND IN MANY OTHER PLACES,
COMPUTERS ARE USED TO COLLECT AND PROCESS VAST AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION
ABOUT INDIVIDUALS. ╔NFORMATION SO OBTAINED GREATLY INCREASES THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL COERCION (I.E., LAW ENFORCEMENT). [26] ╘HEN
THERE ARE THE METHODS OF PROPAGANDA, FOR WHICH THE MASS COMMUNICATION
MEDIA PROVIDE EFFECTIVE VEHICLES. ┼FFICIENT TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN
DEVELOPED FOR WINNING ELECTIONS, SELLING PRODUCTS, INFLUENCING PUBLIC
OPINION. ╘HE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY SERVES AS AN IMPORTANT PSYCHOLOGICAL
TOOL OF THE SYSTEM, POSSIBLY EVEN WHEN IT IS DISHING OUT LARGE AMOUNTS
OF SEX AND VIOLENCE. ┼NTERTAINMENT PROVIDES MODERN MAN WITH AN ESSENTIAL
MEANS OF ESCAPE. ╫HILE ABSORBED IN TELEVISION, VIDEOS, ETC., HE CAN
FORGET STRESS, ANXIETY, FRUSTRATION, DISSATISFACTION. ═ANY PRIMITIVE
PEOPLES, WHEN THEY DON'T HAVE WORK TO DO, ARE QUITE CONTENT TO SIT FOR
HOURS AT A TIME DOING NOTHING AT ALL, BECAUSE THEY ARE AT PEACE WITH
THEMSELVES AND THEIR WORLD. ┬UT MOST MODERN PEOPLE MUST BE CONTANTLY
OCCUPIED OR ENTERTAINED, OTHERWISE THE GET "BORED", I.E., THEY GET
FIDGETY, UNEASY, IRRITABLE.

148. ╧THER TECHNIQUES STRIKE DEEPER THAT THE FOREGOING. ┼DUCATION IS
NO LONGER A SIMPLE AFFAIR OF PADDLING A KID'S BEHIND WHEN HE DOESN'T
KNOW HIS LESSONS AND PATTING HIM ON THE HEAD WHEN HE DOES KNOW THEM. ╔T
IS BECOMING A SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE FOR CONTROLLING THE CHILD'S
DEVELOPMENT. ╙YLVAN ╠EARNING ├ENTERS, FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE HAD GREAT
SUCCESS IN MOTIVATING CHILDREN TO STUDY, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
ARE ALSO USED WITH MORE OR LESS SUCCESS IN MANY CONVENTIONAL SCHOOLS.
"╨ARENTING" TECHNIQUES THAT ARE TAUGHT TO PARENTS ARE DESIGNED TO MAKE
CHILDREN ACCEPT FUNDAMENTAL VALUES OF THE SYSTEM AND BEHAVE IN WAYS
THAT THE SYSTEM FINDS DESIRABLE. "═ENTAL HEALTH" PROGRAMS, "INTERVENTION"
TECHNIQUES, PSYCHOTHERAPY AND SO FORTH ARE OSTENSIBLY DESIGNED TO BENEFIT
INDIVIDUALS, BUT IN PRACTICE THEY USUALLY SERVE AS METHODS FOR INDUCING
INDIVIDUALS TO THINK AND BEHAVE AS THE SYSTEM REQUIRES. (╘HERE IS NO
CONTRADICTION HERE; AN INDIVIDUAL WHOSE ATTITUDES OR BEHAVIOR BRING HIM
INTO CONFLICT WITH THE SYSTEM IS UP AGAINST A FORCE THAT IS TOO POWERFUL
FOR HIM TO CONQUER OR ESCAPE FROM, HENCE HE IS LIKELY TO SUFFER FROM
STRESS, FRUSTRATION, DEFEAT. ╚IS PATH WILL BE MUCH EASIER IF HE THINKS
AND BEHAVES AS THE SYSTEM REQUIRES. ╔N THAT SENSE THE SYSTEM IS ACTING
FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE INDIVIDUAL WHEN IT BRAINWASHES HIM INTO CONFORMITY.)
├HILD ABUSE IN ITS GROSS AND OBVIOUS FORMS IS DISAPPROVED IN MOST IF NOT
ALL CULTURES. ╘ORMENTING A CHILD FOR A TRIVIAL REASON OR NO REASON AT
ALL IS SOMETHING THAT APPALLS ALMOST EVERYONE. ┬UT MANY PSYCHOLOGISTS
INTERPRET THE CONCEPT OF ABUSE MUCH MORE BROADLY. ╔S SPANKING, WHEN
USED AS PART OF A RATIONAL AND CONSISTENT SYSTEM OF DISCIPLINE, A FORM
OF ABUSE? ╘HE QUESTION WILL ULTIMATELY BE DECIDED BY WHETHER OR NOT
SPANKING TENDS TO PRODUCE BEHAVIOR THAT MAKES A PERSON FIT IN WELL WITH
THE EXISTING SYSTEM OF SOCIETY. ╔N PRACTICE, THE WORD "ABUSE" TENDS TO BE
INTERPRETED TO INCLUDE ANY METHOD OF CHILD-REARING THAT PRODUCES BEHAVIOR
INCONVENIENT FOR THE SYSTEM. ╘HUS, WHEN THEY GO BEYOND THE PREVENTION OF
OBVIOUS, SENSELESS CRUELTY, PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTING "CHILD ABUSE" ARE
DIRECTED TOWARD THE CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR OF THE SYSTEM.

149. ╨RESUMABLY, RESEARCH WILL CONTINUE TO INCREAS THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING HUMAN BEHAVIOR. ┬UT WE
THINK IT IS UNLIKELY THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES ALONE WILL BE
SUFFICIENT TO ADJUST HUMAN BEINGS TO THE KIND OF SOCIETY THAT
TECHNOLOGY IS CREATING. ┬IOLOGICAL METHODS PROBABLY WILL HAVE TO BE
USED. ╫E HAVE ALREADY MENTIOND THE USE OF DRUGS IN THIS CONNECTION.
╬EUROLOGY MAY PROVIDE OTHER AVENUES OF MODIFYING THE HUMAN MIND.
╟ENETIC ENGINEERING OF HUMAN BEINGS IS ALREADY BEGINNING TO OCCUR IN
THE FORM OF "GENE THERAPY", AND THERE IS NO REASON TO ASSUME THAT
SUCH METHODS WILL NOT EVENTUALLY BE USED TO MODIFY THOSE ASPECTS OF
THE BODY THAT AFFECT MENTAL FUNTIONING.

150. ┴S WE MENTIONED IN PARAGRAPH 134, INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY SEEMS
LIKELY TO BE ENTERING A PERIOD OF SEVERE STRESS, DUE IN PART TO
PROBLEMS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND IN PART TO ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS. ┴ND A CONSIDERABLE PROPORTION OF THE SYSTEM'S ECONOMIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULT FROM THE WAY HUMAN BEINGS BEHAVE.
┴LIENATION, LOW SELF-ESTEEM, DEPRESSION, HOSTILITY, REBELLION;
CHILDREN WHO WON'T STUDY, YOUTH GANGS, ILLEGAL DRUG USE, RAPE, CHILD
ABUSE, OTHER CRIMES, UNSAFE SEX, TEEN PREGNANCY, POPULATION GROWTH,
POLITICAL CORRUPTION, RACE HATRED, ETHNIC RIVALRY, BITTER IDEOLOGICAL
CONFLICT (I.E., PRO-CHOICE VS. PRO-LIFE), POLITICAL EXTREMISM,
TERRORISM, SABOTAGE, ANTI-GOVERNMENT GROUPS, HATE GROUPS. ┴LL THESE
THREATEN THE VERY SURVIVAL OF THE SYSTEM. ╘HE SYSTEM WILL BE ╞╧╥├┼─
TO USE EVERY PRACTICAL MEANS OF CONTROLLING HUMAN BEHAVIOR.

151. ╘HE SOCIAL DISRUPTION THAT WE SEE TODAY IS CERTAINLY NOT THE
RESULT OF MERE CHANCE. ╔T CAN ONLY BE A RESULT FO THE CONDITIONS OF
LIFE THAT THE SYSTEM IMPOSES ON PEOPLE. (╫E HAVE ARGUED THAT THE MOST
IMPORTANT OF THESE CONDITIONS IS DISRUPTION OF THE POWER PROCESS.) ╔F
THE SYSTEMS SUCCEEDS IN IMPOSING SUFFICIENT CONTROL OVER HUMAN BEHAVIOR
TO ASSURE ITS OWN SURVIVAL, A NEW WATERSHED IN HUMAN HISTORY WILL HAVE
PASSED. ╫HEREAS FORMERLY THE LIMITS OF HUMAN ENDURANCE HAVE IMPOSED
LIMITS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES (AS WE EXPLAINED IN PARAGRAPHS
143 AND 144), INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY WILL BE ABLE TO PASS
THOSE LIMITS BY MODIFYING HUMAN BEINGS, WHETHER BY PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
OR BIOLOGICAL METHODS OR BOTH. ╔N THE FUTURE, SOCIAL SYSTEMS WILL NOT BE
ADJUSTED TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF HUMAN BEINGS. ╔NSTEAD, HUMAN BEING WILL BE
ADJUSTED TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF THE SYSTEM. [27]

152. ╟ENERALLY SPEAKING, TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL OVER HUMAN BEHAVIOR WILL
PROBABLY NOT BE INTRODUCED WITH A TOTALITARIAN INTENTION OR EVEN THROUGH
A CONSCIOUS DESIRE TO RESTRICT HUMAN FREEDOM. [28] ┼ACH NEW STEP IN THE
ASSERTION OF CONTROL OVER THE HUMAN MIND WILL BE TAKEN AS A RATIONAL
RESPONSE TO A PROBLEM THAT FACES SOCIETY, SUCH AS CURING ALCOHOLISM,
REDUCING THE CRIME RATE OR INDUCING YOUNG PEOPLE TO STUDY SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING. ╔N MANY CASES, THERE WILL BE HUMANITARIAN JUSTIFICATION.
╞OR EXAMPLE, WHEN A PSYCHIATRIST PRESCRIBES AN ANTI-DEPRESSANT FOR A
DEPRESSED PATIENT, HE IS CLEARLY DOING THAT INDIVIDUAL A FAVOR. ╔T
WOULD BE INHUMANE TO WITHHOLD THE DRUG FROM SOMEONE WHO NEEDS IT. ╫HEN
PARENTS SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO ╙YLVAN ╠EARNING ├ENTERS TO HAVE THEM
MANIPULATED INTO BECOMING ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THEIR STUDIES, THEY DO SO
FROM CONCERN FOR THEIR CHILDREN'S WELFARE. ╔T MAY BE THAT SOME OF THESE
PARENTS WISH THAT ONE DIDN'T HAVE TO HAVE SPECIALIZED TRAINING TO GET
A JOB AND THAT THEIR KID DIDN'T HAVE TO BE BRAINWASHED INTO BECOMING
A COMPUTER NERD. ┬UT WHAT CAN THEY DO? ╘HEY CAN'T CHANGE SOCIETY, AND
THEIR CHILD MAY BE UNEMPLOYABLE IF HE DOESN'T HAVE CERTAIN SKILLS. ╙O
THEY SEND HIM TO ╙YLVAN.

153. ╘HUS CONTROL OVER HUMAN BEHAVIOR WILL BE INTRODUCED NOT BY A
CALCULATED DECISION OF THE AUTHORITIES BUT THROUGH A PROCESS OF SOCIAL
EVOLUTION (╥┴╨╔─ EVOLUTION, HOWEVER). ╘HE PROCESS WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE
TO RESIST, BECAUSE EACH ADVANCE, CONSIDERED BY ITSELF, WILL APPEAR TO
BE BENEFICIAL, OR AT LEAST THE EVIL INVOLVED IN MAKING THE ADVANCE
WILL SEEM TO BE LESS THAN THAT WHICH WOULD RESULT FROM NOT MAKING
IT (SEE PARAGRAPH 127). ╨ROPAGANDA FOR EXAMPLE IS USED FOR MANY GOOD
PURPOSES, SUCH AS DISCOURAGING CHILD ABUSE OR RACE HATRED. [14] ╙EX
EDUCATION IS OBVIOUSLY USEFUL, YET THE EFFECT OF SEX EDUCATION (TO
THE EXTENT THAT IT IS SUCCESSFUL) IS TO TAKE THE SHAPING OF SEXUAL
ATTITUDES AWAY FROM THE FAMILY AND PUT IT INTO THE HANDS OF THE STATE
AS REPRESENTED BY THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.

154. ╙UPPOSE A BIOLOGICAL TRAIT IS DISCOVERED THAT INCREASES THE
LIKELIHOOD THAT A CHILD WILL GROW UP TO BE A CRIMINAL AND SUPPOSE SOME
SORT OF GENE THERAPY CAN REMOVE THIS TRAIT. [29] ╧F COURSE MOST PARENTS
WHOSE CHILDREN POSSESS THE TRAIT WILL HAVE THEM UNDERGO THE THERAPY.
╔T WOULD BE INHUMANE TO DO OTHERWISE, SINCE THE CHILD WOULD PROBABLY
HAVE A MISERABLE LIFE IF HE GREW UP TO BE A CRIMINAL. ┬UT MANY OR MOST
PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES HAVE A LOW CRIME RATE IN COMPARISON WITH THAT OF OUR
SOCIETY, EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE NEITHER HIGH-TECH METHODS OF CHILD-REARING
NOR HARSH SYSTEMS OF PUNISHMENT. ╙INCE THERE IS NO REASON TO SUPPOSE THAT
MORE MODERN MEN THAN PRIMITIVE MEN HAVE INNATE PREDATORY TENDENCIES, THE
HIGH CRIME RATE OF OUR SOCIETY MUST BE DUE TO THE PRESSURES THAT MODERN
CONDITIONS PUT ON PEOPLE, TO WHICH MANY CANNOT OR WILL NOT ADJUST. ╘HUS
A TREATMENT DESIGNED TO REMOVE POTENTIAL CRIMINAL TENDENCIES IS AT LEAST
IN PART A WAY OF RE-ENGINEERING PEOPLE SO THAT THEY SUIT THE REQUIREMENTS
OF THE SYSTEM.

155. ╧UR SOCIETY TENDS TO REGARD AS A "SICKNESS" ANY MODE OF THOUGHT
OR BEHAVIOR THAT IS INCONVENIENT FOR THE SYSTEM, AND THIS IS PLAUSIBLE
BECAUSE WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL DOESN'T FIT INTO THE SYSTEM IT CAUSES PAIN
TO THE INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS PROBLEMS FOR THE SYSTEM. ╘HUS THE
MANIPULATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO ADJUST HIM TO THE SYSTEM IS SEEN
AS A "CURE" FOR A "SICKNESS" AND THEREFORE AS GOOD.

156. ╔N PARAGRAPH 127 WE POINTED OUT THAT IF THE USE OF A NEW ITEM OF
TECHNOLOGY IS ╔╬╔╘╔┴╠╠┘ OPTIONAL, IT DOES NOT NECESSARILY ╥┼═┴╔╬
OPTIONAL, BECAUSE THE NEW TECHNOLOGY TENDS TO CHANGE SOCIETY IN SUCH
A WAY THAT IT BECOMES DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL TO
FUNCTION WITHOUT USING THAT TECHNOLOGY. ╘HIS APPLIES ALSO TO THE
TECHNOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR. ╔N A WORLD IN WHICH MOST CHILDREN ARE
PUT THROUGH A PROGRAM TO MAKE THEM ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT STUDYING, A
PARENT WILL ALMOST BE FORCED TO PUT HIS KID THROUGH SUCH A PROGRAM,
BECAUSE IF HE DOES NOT, THEN THE KID WILL GROW UP TO BE, COMPARATIVELY
SPEAKING, AN IGNORAMUS AND THEREFORE UNEMPLOYABLE. ╧R SUPPOSE A
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT IS DISCOVERED THAT, WITHOUT UNDESIRABLE
SIDE-EFFECTS, WILL GREATLY REDUCE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS FROM
WHICH SO MANY PEOPLE SUFFER IN OUR SOCIETY. ╔F LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE
CHOOSE TO UNDERGO THE TREATMENT, THEN THE GENERAL LEVEL OF STRESS IN
SOCIETY WILL BE REDUCED, SO THAT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE FOR THE SYSTEM TO
INCREASE THE STRESS-PRODUCING PRESSURES. ╔N FACT, SOMETHING LIKE
THIS SEEMS TO HAVE HAPPENED ALREADY WITH ONE OF OUR SOCIETY'S MOST
IMPORTANT PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR ENABLING PEOPLE TO REDUCE (OR AT
LEAST TEMPORARILY ESCAPE FROM) STRESS, NAMELY, MASS ENTERTAINMENT
(SEE PARAGRAPH 147). ╧UR USE OF MASS ENTERTAINMENT IS "OPTIONAL": ╬O
LAW REQUIRES US TO WATCH TELEVISION, LISTEN TO THE RADIO, READ
MAGAZINES. ┘ET MASS ENTERTAINMENT IS A MEANS OF ESCAPE AND
STRESS-REDUCTION ON WHICH MOST OF US HAVE BECOME DEPENDENT. ┼VERYONE
COMPLAINS ABOUT THE TRASHINESS OF TELEVISION, BUT ALMOST EVERYONE
WATCHES IT. ┴ FEW HAVE KICKED THE ╘╓ HABIT, BUT IT WOULD BE A RARE
PERSON WHO COULD GET ALONG TODAY WITHOUT USING ┴╬┘ FORM OF MASS
ENTERTAINMENT. (┘ET UNTIL QUITE RECENTLY IN HUMAN HISTORY MOST
PEOPLE GOT ALONG VERY NICELY WITH NO OTHER ENTERTAINMENT THAN THAT
WHICH EACH LOCAL COMMUNITY CREATED FOR ITSELF.) ╫ITHOUT THE
ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY THE SYSTEM PROBABLY WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ABLE
TO GET AWAY WITH PUTTING AS MUCH STRESS-PRODUCING PRESSURE ON US AS
IT DOES.

157. ┴SSUMING THAT INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY SURVIVES, IT IS LIKELY THAT
TECHNOLOGY WILL EVENTUALLY ACQUIRE SOMETHING APPROACHING COMPLETE
CONTROL OVER HUMAN BEHAVIOR. ╔T HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED BEYOND ANY
RATIONAL DOUBT THAT HUMAN THOUGHT AND BEHAVIOR HAVE A LARGELY
BIOLOGICAL BASIS. ┴S EXPERIMENTERS HAVE DEMONSTRATED, FEELINGS SUCH
AS HUNGER, PLEASURE, ANGER AND FEAR CAN BE TURNED ON AND OFF BY
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF APPROPRIATE PARTS OF THE BRAIN. ═EMORIES
CAN BE DESTROYED BY DAMAGING PARTS OF THE BRAIN OR THEY CAN BE BROUGHT
TO THE SURFACE BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION. ╚ALLUCINATIONS CAN BE
INDUCED OR MOODS CHANGED BY DRUGS. ╘HERE MAY OR MAY NOT BE AN
IMMATERIAL HUMAN SOUL, BUT IF THERE IS ONE IT CLEARLY IS LESS POWERFUL
THAT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR. ╞OR IF THAT WERE
NOT THE CASE THEN RESEARCHERS WOULD NOT BE ABLE SO EASILY TO MANIPULATE
HUMAN FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR WITH DRUGS AND ELECTRICAL CURRENTS.

158. ╔T PRESUMABLY WOULD BE IMPRACTICAL FOR ALL PEOPLE TO HAVE
ELECTRODES INSERTED IN THEIR HEADS SO THAT THEY COULD BE CONTROLLED
BY THE AUTHORITIES. ┬UT THE FACT THAT HUMAN THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS ARE
SO OPEN TO BIOLOGICAL INTERVENTION SHOWS THAT THE PROBLEM OF
CONTROLLING HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS MAINLY A TECHNICAL PROBLEM; A PROBLEM
OF NEURONS, HORMONES AND COMPLEX MOLECULES; THE KIND OF PROBLEM THAT
IS ACCESSIBLE TO SCIENTIFIC ATTACK. ╟IVEN THE OUTSTANDING RECORD OF
OUR SOCIETY IN SOLVING TECHNICAL PROBLEMS, IT IS OVERWHELMINGLY
PROBABLE THAT GREAT ADVANCES WILL BE MADE IN THE CONTROL OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR.

159. ╫ILL PUBLIC RESISTANCE PREVENT THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR? ╔T CERTAINLY WOULD IF AN ATTEMPT WERE MADE
TO INTRODUCE SUCH CONTROL ALL AT ONCE. ┬UT SINCE TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL
WILL BE INTRODUCED THROUGH A LONG SEQUENCE OF SMALL ADVANCES, THERE
WILL BE NO RATIONAL AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC RESISTANCE. (╙EE PARAGRAPHS
127, 132, 153.)

160. ╘O THOSE WHO THINK THAT ALL THIS SOUNDS LIKE SCIENCE FICTION, WE
POINT OUT THAT YESTERDAY'S SCIENCE FICTION IS TODAY'S FACT. ╘HE
╔NDUSTRIAL ╥EVOLUTION HAS RADICALLY ALTERED MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND
WAY OF LIFE, AND IT IS ONLY TO BE EXPECTED THAT AS TECHNOLOGY IS
INCREASINGLY APPLIED TO THE HUMAN BODY AND MIND, MAN HIMSELF WILL BE
ALTERED AS RADICALLY AS HIS ENVIRONMENT AND WAY OF LIFE HAVE BEEN.


╙ECTION 21: ╚╒═┴╬ ╥┴├┼ ┴╘ ┴ ├╥╧╙╙╥╧┴─╙

161. ┬UT WE HAVE GOTTEN AHEAD OF OUR STORY. ╔T IS ONE THING TO DEVELOP
IN THE LABORATORY A SERIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
FOR MANIPULATING HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND QUITE ANOTHER TO INTEGRATE THESE
TECHNIQUES INTO A FUNCTIONING SOCIAL SYSTEM. ╘HE LATTER PROBLEM IS
THE MORE DIFFICULT OF THE TWO. ╞OR EXAMPLE, WHILE THE TECHNIQUES OF
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY DOUBTLESS WORK QUITE WELL IN THE "LAB SCHOOLS"
WHERE THEY ARE DEVELOPED, IT IS NOT NECESSARILY EASY TO APPLY THEM
EFFECTIVELY THROUGHOUT OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. ╫E ALL KNOW WHAT MANY
OF OUR SCHOOLS ARE LIKE. ╘HE TEACHERS ARE TOO BUSY TAKING KNIVES
AND GUNS AWAY FROM THE KIDS TO SUBJECT THEM TO THE LATEST TECHNIQUES
FOR MAKING THEM INTO COMPUTER NERDS. ╘HUS, IN SPITE OF ALL ITS
TECHNICAL ADVANCES RELATING TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR THE SYSTEM TO DATE HAS
NOT BEEN IMPRESSIVELY SUCCESSFUL IN CONTROLLING HUMAN BEINGS. ╘HE
PEOPLE WHOSE BEHAVIOR IS FAIRLY WELL UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM
ARE THOSE OF THE TYPE THAT MIGHT BE CALLED "BOURGEOIS". ┬UT THERE
ARE GROWING NUMBERS OF PEOPLE WHO IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER ARE REBELS
AGAINST THE SYSTEM: WELFARE LEACHES, YOUTH GANGS CULTISTS, SATANISTS,
╬AZIS, RADICAL ENVIRONMENTALISTS, MILITIAMEN, ETC..

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